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Human rights abuses
Human rights in occupied Iraq and Suicide bombings in Iraq since
2003
Throughout the entire Iraq war there have been human rights abuses
on all sides of the conflict.
Iraqi government
The use of torture by Iraqi security forces.
Shiite-run death squads run out of the Interior Ministry that are
accused of committing numerous massacres of Sunni Arabs and
the police collusion with militias in Iraq have compounded the
problems.
Coalition forces and private contractors
U.S. Army Private Lynndie England holding a leash attached to a
prisoner collapsed on the floor in the Abu Ghraib prison. England
was convicted by a US Army court martial for abusing prison
detainees.Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse
Haditha killings of 24 civilians
White phosphorus use in Iraq
Gang-rape and murder of a 14-year-old girl and the murder of her
family, in Mahmoudiyah
Bombing and shooting of 42 civilians in Mukaradeeb (under
investigation)
Controversy over whether disproportionate force was used, during the
assaults by Coalition and (mostly Shia and Kurdish) Iraqi government
forces on the Sunni insurgent stronghold of Fallujah in 2004.
Fatalities (both combatant and civilian) were estimated in the
hundreds, and much of the city destroyed.
Planting weapons on noncombatant, unarmed Iraqis by three US Marines
after killing them. According to a report by The Nation, other
similar acts have been witnessed by US soldiers. Members of Iraq
Veterans Against the War tell similar stories.
Insurgent and terrorist groups
Terrorist attacks of the Iraq War
Killing over 12,000 Iraqis from January 2005 - June 2006, according
to Iraqi Interior Minister Bayan Jabr, giving the first official
count for the victims of bombings, ambushes and other deadly
attacks. The insurgents have also conducted numerous suicide attacks
on the Iraqi civilian population, mostly targeting the majority Shia
community. An October 2005 report from Human Rights Watch examines
the range of civilian attacks and their purported justification.
Attacks on diplomats and diplomatic facilities including; the
bombing of the U.N. headquarters in Baghdad in August 2003 killing
the top U.N. representative in Iraq and 21 other UN staff members;
beheading several diplomats: two Algerian diplomatic envoys Ali
Belaroussi and Azzedine Belkadi, Egyptian diplomatic envoy al-Sherif,
and four Russian diplomats.
The February 2006 bombing of the al-Askari Mosque, destroying one of
the holiest Shiite shrines, killing over 165 worshipers and igniting
sectarian strife and reprisal killings.
The publicised murders of several contractors; Eugene Armstrong,
Jack Hensley, Kenneth Bigley, Ivaylo Kepov and Georgi Lazov
(Bulgarian truck drivers). Other non-military personnel
murdered include: translator Kim Sun-il, Shosei Koda, Fabrizio
Quattrocchi (Italian), charity worker Margaret Hassan,
reconstruction engineer Nick Berg, photographer Salvatore Santoro
(Italian) and supply worker Seif Adnan Kanaan (Iraqi). Four private
armed contractors, Scott Helvenston, Jerko Zovko, Wesley Batalona
and Michael Teague, were killed with grenades and small arms fire,
their bodies dragged from their vehicles, beaten and set ablaze.
Their burned corpses were then dragged through the streets before
being hung over a bridge crossing the Euphrates.
Torture or murder of members of the New Iraqi Army, and
assassination of civilians associated with the Coalition Provisional
Authority, such as Fern Holland, or the Iraqi Governing Council,
such as Aqila al-Hashimi and Ezzedine Salim, or other foreign
civilians, such as those from Kenya.
Public opinion on the war
International
According to a January 2007 BBC World Service poll of more than
26,000 people in 25 countries, 73% of the global population
disapproves of the U.S. handling of the Iraq War. A September 2007
poll conducted by the BBC found that 2/3rds of the world's
population believed the U.S. should withdraw its forces from Iraq.
According to an April 2004 USA Today/CNN/Gallup Poll, only a third
of the Iraqi people believed that "the American-led occupation of
their country is doing more good than harm, and a solid majority
support an immediate military pullout even though they fear that
could put them in greater danger."[294] Majorities in the UK and
Canada believe the war in Iraq is "unjustified" and are critical of
their governments' support of U.S. policies in Iraq. According to
polls conducted by The Arab American Institute, four years after the
invasion of Iraq, 83% of Egyptians had a negative view of the U.S.'s
role in Iraq; 68% of Saudi Arabians had a negative view; 96% of the
Jordanian population had a negative view; 70% of the UAE and 76% of
the Lebanese population also described their view as negative. The
Pew Global Attitudes Project reports that in 2006 majorities in the
Netherlands, Germany, Jordan, France, Lebanon, China, Spain,
Indonesia, Turkey, Pakistan, and Morocco believed the world was
safer before the Iraq War and the toppling of Saddam Hussein.
However, pluralities in the U.S. and India believe the world is
safer without Saddam Hussein.
Iraqi
A woman pleads to an Iraqi army soldier from 2nd Company, 5th
Brigade, 2nd Iraqi Army Division to allow a suspected insurgent free
during a raid near Tafaria, IraqA WPO poll conducted on September
27, 2006, found that seven out of ten Iraqis want U.S.-led forces to
withdraw from Iraq within one year. The perception that the U.S.
presence in Iraq has a negative impact on security is widespread and
is given some support by the British withdrawal from Basra which led
to a 90% reduction in violence. Overall, 78% of those polled said
they believed that the presence of U.S. forces is "provoking more
conflict than it's preventing." 53% of those polled believed the
Iraqi government would be strengthened if U.S. forces left Iraq
(versus 23% who believed it would be weakened), and 71% wanted this
to happen in 1 year or less. All of these positions are more
prevalent amongst Sunni and Shia respondents than among Kurds. 61%
of respondents said that they "approve" of attacks on U.S.-led
forces, while 94% still had an unfavorable opinion of al-Qaeda.
A March 7, 2007 survey of more than 2,000 Iraqis commissioned by the
BBC and three other news organizations found that 78% of the
population opposes "the presence of Coalition forces in Iraq," that
69% believe the presence of U.S. forces is making things worse, and
that 51% of the population consider attacks on coalition forces
"acceptable", up from 17% in 2004 and 35% in 2006. However, only 35%
want them to leave "now". 64% described their family's economic
situation as being somewhat or very bad, up from 30% in 2005. 58%
described reconstruction efforts in the area in which they live as
either somewhat or very ineffective, and 9% described them as being
totally nonexistent.
Iraq War and U.S. Global War on Terror
President Bush has consistently referred to the Iraq war as "the
central front in the War on Terror", and has argued that if the U.S.
pulls out of Iraq, "terrorists will follow us here." While
other proponents of the war have regularly echoed this assertion, as
the conflict has dragged on, members of the U.S. Congress, the
American public, and even U.S. troops have begun to question the
connection between Iraq and the fight against terrorism. In
particular, a consensus has developed among intelligence experts
that the Iraq war has increased terrorism. Counterterrorism expert
Rohan Gunaratna frequently refers to the invasion of Iraq as a
"fatal mistake." London's conservative International Institute for
Strategic Studies concluded in 2004 that the occupation of Iraq had
become "a potent global recruitment pretext" for jihadists and that
the invasion "galvanized" al-Qaeda and "perversely inspired
insurgent violence" there. The U.S. National Intelligence Council
concluded in a January 2005 report that the war in Iraq had become a
breeding ground for a new generation of terrorists; David B. Low,
the national intelligence officer for transnational threats,
indicated that the report concluded that the war in Iraq provided
terrorists with "a training ground, a recruitment ground, the
opportunity for enhancing technical skills... There is even, under
the best scenario, over time, the likelihood that some of the
jihadists who are not killed there will, in a sense, go home,
wherever home is, and will therefore disperse to various other
countries." The Council's Chairman Robert L. Hutchings said, "At the
moment, Iraq is a magnet for international terrorist activity." And
the 2006 National Intelligence Estimate, which outlined the
considered judgment of all 16 U.S. intelligence agencies, held that
"The Iraq conflict has become the 'cause celebre' for jihadists,
breeding a deep resentment of US involvement in the Muslim world and
cultivating supporters for the global jihadist movement."
Regarding Saddam Hussein's ties to terrorist groups such as
Al-Qaeda, the Bush administration has produced inconsistent
statements. Asked to describe the connection between the Iraqi
leader and the al-Qaeda terror network at an appearance on October
5, 2004 at the Council on Foreign Relations, Defense Secretary
Donald Rumsfeld first refused to answer, then said: "To my
knowledge, I have not seen any strong, hard evidence that links the
two." Several hours after his appearance, Rumsfeld issued a
statement from the Pentagon saying his comment "regrettably was
misunderstood" by some. He said he has said since September 2002
that there were ties between Osama bin Laden's terror group and
Iraq. Despite statements from the Bush administration,
inspectors never found hidden stockpiles of WMD in Iraq, and the
September 11 Commission reported no collaborative relationship
between Al Qaeda and the Iraqi leadership. However, several
months prior to the commencement of military action, Saddam Hussein
had began providing financial assistance to the families of
Palestinian militants killed in fighting with, or civilians killed
by, the Israeli military (including relatives of suicide bombers).
He also sponsored a small number of regional groups, designated
terrorist organizations by the U.S. Department of State, among them,
the People's Mujahedin of Iran. Former National Intelligence Officer
Paul R. Pillar notes that,
Iraq did provide other kinds of sponsorship to terrorist groups,
some of the Palestinian groups that aren't so active anymore... But
in terms of it having provided support or sustenance or strength, or
having anything close to an alliance with al Qaeda, it simply wasn't
there.
Al-Qaeda leaders have seen the Iraq war as a boon to their
recruiting and operational efforts, providing evidence to jihadists
worldwide that America is at war with Islam, and the training ground
for a new generation of jihadists to practice attacks on American
forces. In October 2003, Osama bin Laden announced: "Be glad of the
good news: America is mired in the swamps of the Tigris and
Euphrates. Bush is, through Iraq and its oil, easy prey. Here is he
now, thank God, in an embarrassing situation and here is America
today being ruined before the eyes of the whole world."
Al-Qaeda commander Seif al-Adl gloated about the war in Iraq,
indicating, "The Americans took the bait and fell into our trap."
A letter thought to be from al-Qaeda leader Atiyah Abd al-Rahman
found in Iraq among the rubble where al-Zarqawi was killed and
released by the U.S. military in October 2006, indicated that
al-Qaeda perceived the war as beneficial to its goals: "The most
important thing is that the jihad continues with steadfastness ...
indeed, prolonging the war is in our interest."
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